Sediment Transport in Motion

Copyright © 2005 Mark W Schmeeckle

 

Arizona State University

Department of Geography

P.O. Box 870104

Tempe, AZ 85287-0104

 

This DVD contains video of sediment transport processes made by high-speed video, animation of numerical simulations, and time-lapse photography. They were made while collaborating with Jonathan Nelson, Ryosuke Akahori, John Douglass, David Furbish, Ronald Shreve, Elowyn Yager, Yasuyuki Shimizu, and Miriam Borosund.

All video clips are in AVI or FLC format. Almost any pc video viewer can play AVI format videos. FLC format videos can be viewed by the free QuickTime player from Apple.

This DVD is provided free of charge. However, if you use these videos in a classroom or other educational setting, I would very much appreciate an email (schmeeckle@asu.edu) telling me how you are using them.

Much of this material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants EAR 0352079, EAR 0353205, and EAR 9803854.


Also, CLICK HERE, to view new animations of LES simulations of turbulence in the Grand Canyon.



1. Channel Expansion
flow tracer spur dike 1.avi (33Mb)

flow tracer spur dike 2.avi (32Mb)
lic-expansion.avi (26Mb)
moving surface grid example.avi (23Mb)
parcon-e.flc (10Mb)
pure expansion flow tracer.avi (45Mb)
x vorticity spur dike.avi (36Mb)
y vorticity spur dike.avi (35Mb)
z vorticity spur dike.avi (35Mb)

Parcon-e.flc - This is an animation of a simulation of suspended sediment transport in a river with two channel expansions and mid-channel bars. The upper part of the animation shows fluid particle tracers that follow the depth-avergaed velocity. The lower part of the animation is the instantaneous depth-integrated suspended sediment concentration. The flow was calculated by numerical solution of the shallow water equations. The suspended sediment is modeled by a discreet particle method. Wherein, each modeled particle represents a fixed number of actual sediment particles. The lateral motion of a particle is set to that of the modeled lateral flow velocity, where the velocity profile is assumed to be logarithmic.  The vertical motions of the particles are modeled as a random walk process with the settling velocity subtracted at each time-step. Because there is no assumption of local equilibrium of the vertical concentration profile with the local stress, the model produces realistic adjustment of vertical concentration profiles as the particles move from areas of high to low boundary shear stress, or vice-versa.lic-expansion.avi  is a video of the same simulation using the line integral convolution technique to view instantaneous streamlines.

 

All other videos are 3-dimensional large eddy simulations of flow in channel expansions.

References:

Explanation of pure expansion flow tracer.avi can be found in:

Explanations of the other videos  can be found in:

 

2. Meandering
agu02aka.ppt (1.2Mb)

re20kl.avi (18Mb)

<>zoom20kl.avi (16Mb)

Reference:
 Akahori, R. and M.W. Schmeeckle (2002), Three Dimensional Large Eddy Simulation Model of Turbulence in a Meandering Channel, Eos Trans. AGU,83(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract H21C-0837



3. Rainsplash
sp1.avi (29Mb) 0 degrees, plan view, dry sand
sp4.avi (16Mb) 0 degrees, plan view, wet sand
sp34.avi (24Mb) 0 degrees, side view, dry sand
sp31.avi (10Mb) 0 degrees, side view, wet sand
sp17.avi (62Mb) 30 degrees, plan view, dry sand
sp16.avi (7Mb) 30 degrees, plan view, wet sand
sp18.avi (49Mb) 30 degrees, side view, dry sand
sp20.avi (7Mb) 30 degrees, side view, wet sand

Reference:

These are high-speed videos of  rainsplash. for a complete explanation of theses expereiments see:

Furbish, D. J., K. K. Hamner, M. Schmeeckle, M. N. Borosund, and S. M. Mudd (2007), Rain splash of dry sand revealed by high-speed imaging and sticky paper splash targets, J. Geophys. Res., 112, F01001, doi:10.1029/2006JF000498.

4. Transverse Drainages
ante_3.avi (10Mb)
ante_4.avi (10Mb)
over_1.avi (6Mb)
over_2.avi (6Mb)
over_3.avi (15Mb)
over_4.avi (15Mb)
piracy_1.avi (6Mb)
piracy_2.avi (8Mb)
piracy_3.avi (21Mb)
piracy_4.avi (11Mb)
piracy_5.avi (5.5Mb)
Reference:
These are time-lapse videos of stream table experiments of transverse drainages by the antecedence, lake overflow, and piracy mechanisms. A complete reference to these experiments can be found in:
Douglass, J.C. and M.W. Schmeeckle (2007), Analogue modeling of transverse drainage mechanisms, Geomorphology, Vol. 84, 22-43.

5. Sediment Transport and Turbulence
A. 2-D Dunes

diuneviz1.avi (7Mb)
duneviz2.avi (7Mb)
duneviz3.avi (8Mb)
entw.avi (29Mb)
susp.avi (10.5Mb)
suspended dune stoss.avi (12Mb)
vorxs.avi (4.4Mb)
vorys.avi (5.4Mb)

References:

B. Bedload Simulation
ball.flc (1.5Mb)
Reference:
Schmeeckle, M.W. and J.M. Nelson. 2003. Direct numerical simulation of bedload transport using a local, dynamic boundary condition. Sedimentology. Vol 50. p279-301.

C. Force and Flow
force big.flc (209Mb)
force small.flc (9Mb) Download this first. If you like it, try the longer version above.
References:


D. Initial Motion

inital motion.ppt (3Mb)

r7.avi (54Mb)
r7n.avi  (171Mb) -this one is worth the download time
Reference:

Schmeeckle, M.W. , J.M. Nelson, and R.L. Shreve(2004), Experimental investigation of the turbulent structures that initiate bedload motion, Eos Trans. AGU,85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract H53C-1282.

E. Large Roughness
large-roughness.avi (41Mb)
r17.avi (42Mb)
s17.flc (7Mb)
picture
 Reference:
Yager, E., M.W. Schmeeckle, W.E. Dietrich, and J.W. Kirchner (2004), The Effect of Large Roughness Elements on Local Flow and Bedload Transport, Eos Trans. AGU,85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract H41G-05

F. Mixed Bedload Suspended Load

Mixed.avi is a high speed video clip of simultaneous bedload and suspended load transport.  The width of the video is 2.2 centimeters. Bedload and suspended particles are approximately 1mm and 0.1mm. The video was taken at a rate of 250 frames/sec, and each frame has an exposure time of 1/10,000 second. Playback is at Illumination was provided by a 50Watt, high-power, near-infrared, diode laser sheet.  The sheet has a width of about 1mm, but a wider swath of the bed is visible due to light scattering by the sediment.

S2-end.avi and s2.avi – are video clips shot at 500 frames per second and playback at 30 frames per second. The clips are of mixed load transport (6mm and 0.5mm grains). Smaller particles are neutrally buoyant plastic flow tracers. The pictures below show what the bed looked like shortly after the experiment.

mixed
mixed.avi (46Mb)
S2-end.avi (63Mb)
s2.avi (71Mb)
Reference:

Schmeeckle, M.W (2004), Entrainment From Mixed-Load Beds, Eos Trans. AGU,85(17), Jt. Assem. Suppl., Abstract H31F-04

G. Ripples

<>The videos in this folder are from a set of experiments that have yet to be published. The experiments were conducted in a laboratory flume. The sand bed (D50=0.3mm) was originally flat and gradually become rippled. All videos were shot at 250 frames per second and the flow discharge remained constant. Rip1.avi , rip11.avi, and rip12.avi show the flow and occasional sediment transport over a flat bed, 2-d ripple, and linguoid ripple, respectively. The flow contains plastic tracer particles. Occasional sediment suspension events can be seen in rip12.avi. Ript3.avi, ript7.avi, and ript8.avi are a plan view of the transport over a flat bed, quasi-2d ripple, and linguiod ripple, respectively. The ript_sub.flc files are formed from the above ript_.avi files by subtracting successive video frames, and thresholding to show where transport is taking place within the video.
ripple with laser

rip1.avi (65mb)
ript3.avi (65mb)

ript3-sub.flc (0.5mb)
ript7.avi (65mb)
ript7-sub.flc (5mb)
ript8.avi (129mb)
ript8-sub.flc (37mb)
rip11.avi (64mb)
rip12.avi (65mb)